limón

Limón refers to the lemon, a citrus fruit belonging to the genus Citrus and species Citrus limon. The fruit is oval-shaped with a bright yellow rind when ripe and is known for its distinctive sour taste and aromatic properties. Lemons are believed to have originated in Northeast India, Northern Myanmar, or China, and have been cultivated for thousands of years.

The lemon tree is a small evergreen that typically grows to heights of 3-6 meters. It produces fragrant white flowers and requires warm climates to thrive. Major lemon-producing countries include Mexico, India, China, Argentina, and Spain, with the fruit being cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.

Nutritionally, lemons are an excellent source of vitamin C, providing more than 100% of the recommended daily intake in a single fruit. They also contain dietary fiber, potassium, and various antioxidants. The fruit's juice has a pH level of approximately 2.0-2.6, making it highly acidic.

Lemons have extensive culinary applications, serving as ingredients in beverages, desserts, marinades, and savory dishes. Lemon juice is commonly used as a natural preservative and flavor enhancer. The fruit's zest, or outer rind, is frequently used in baking and cooking for its aromatic oils.

Beyond culinary uses, lemons have traditional applications in cleaning and medicine. The fruit's acidity makes it effective for removing stains and eliminating odors. Historically, lemons were used to prevent scurvy among sailors due to their high vitamin C content. The essential oils extracted from lemon peels are used in perfumery, cleaning products, and aromatherapy.

Lemons are typically harvested by hand when they reach maturity, indicated by their color change from green to yellow. The fruit can be stored at room temperature for short periods or refrigerated for extended freshness. Various cultivars exist, including Eureka, Lisbon, and Meyer lemons, each with distinct characteristics in size, shape, and flavor profile.