limfom

Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It involves the abnormal proliferation of lymphocytes, a form of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in immune responses. Lymphoma primarily affects lymph nodes, but it can also involve other organs such as the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal tract.

There are two main categories of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, a specific type of abnormal lymphocyte. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) encompasses diverse subtypes, which can vary significantly in how quickly they progress and how they respond to treatment.

The exact cause of lymphoma is often unknown, but risk factors include genetic predisposition, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, infections such as Epstein-Barr virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and immune system disorders. Symptoms of lymphoma can include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, blood tests, imaging studies, and biopsy of affected lymph nodes or tissues. Treatment options vary depending on the type, stage, and other health factors and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplants.

The prognosis for lymphoma varies widely; some forms are highly treatable and curable, especially when diagnosed early, while others may be more aggressive with a less favorable outlook. Advances in medical research continue to improve outcomes and expand treatment options for patients with lymphoma.