liberalizmi

Liberalizmi is a political and economic philosophy characterized by a belief in individual liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law. It emerged in the Age of Enlightenment as a reaction against the hereditary privilege and absolute rule of monarchy and the Church. Core tenets of liberalism include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free markets, and the right to private property.

Classical liberalism, originating in the 18th century, emphasizes limited government intervention in both personal and economic affairs. It advocates for a laissez-faire economic system where the state's role is primarily to protect individual rights and enforce contracts. Thinkers like Adam Smith and John Locke are central to this tradition.

Modern liberalism, also known as social liberalism, developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While still valuing individual liberty, it acknowledges that certain social and economic inequalities may require government intervention to ensure genuine equality of opportunity. This includes support for social welfare programs, regulation of markets, and collective bargaining. Prominent figures include John Maynard Keynes and John Stuart Mill.

Liberalism has evolved significantly over time and encompasses a broad spectrum of views. However, the fundamental commitment to individual freedom and rights remains a unifying element across its various interpretations. It has been a driving force behind many democratic revolutions and reforms worldwide, shaping modern political systems and legal frameworks.