leukémiák

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia cells. These abnormal cells do not function properly and crowd out normal blood cells, leading to various health problems. There are several main types of leukemia, broadly categorized by how quickly they progress and the type of white blood cell affected. Acute leukemias develop rapidly and require immediate treatment, while chronic leukemias develop more slowly and may not require immediate treatment. Lymphocytic leukemias originate in lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, while myeloid leukemias originate in myeloid cells, which normally develop into other types of blood cells.

The exact cause of most leukemias is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified, including exposure to radiation, certain chemicals like benzene, and some genetic syndromes. Symptoms can vary widely but often include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, fever, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging studies. Treatment approaches depend on the specific type and stage of leukemia and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Research into leukemia is ongoing, with a focus on developing more effective and less toxic treatments and understanding the underlying causes.