launeddas

The launeddas is a traditional Sardinian wind instrument made of three single-reed pipes bound together: two drone pipes and a central chanter used to play the melody. The chanter carries finger holes for the melodic line, while the drone pipes provide a continuous background pitch. The pipes are typically crafted from reed cane or hardwoods such as juniper or olive wood, and the ensemble is held in one instrument with a single mouthpiece.

Playing technique centers on circular breathing, which allows the musician to sustain a continuous sound while the drones maintain their fixed pitches. The chanter is played with the fingers covering and uncovering holes to produce the tune, while the drones run in the background, creating a characteristic layered texture. The launeddas repertoire includes traditional Sardinian tunes and dances, often in modal scales, and it is closely associated with rural and ceremonial contexts.

Cultural significance and status: the launeddas is an emblem of Sardinian musical heritage and is performed by specialized players who transmit technique and repertoire through apprenticeship. It is widely featured in festivals, processions, and concerts, and has gained international attention as a symbol of Sardinia’s traditional music. The instrument has been recognized by UNESCO as part of the world’s intangible cultural heritage, underscoring its enduring role in Sardinia’s cultural landscape. Modern players continue to adapt the launeddas for contemporary folk ensembles while preserving traditional playing styles and construction methods.