lathyrus

Lathyrus is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as vetchlings or sweet peas. The genus comprises about 150 to 200 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials, many of which are climbing vines that use tendrils to grasp supports. Leaves are usually pinnate with two to four leaflets and a terminal tendril, and the flowers are typically papilionaceous, ranging in color and often arranged in inflorescences. The fruit is a pod containing several seeds.

Distribution and habitat

Lathyrus species are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, with a broad range of habitats from woodlands to scrub and grasslands. They are widely cultivated and naturalized in many regions. Many species form symbiotic nitrogen-fixing relationships with soil bacteria, contributing to soil fertility.

Species, uses, and cultivation

Lathyrus odoratus, the sweet pea, is the best known ornamental species and is cultivated for its scented, colorful flowers. Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) and Lathyrus cicera (chickling vetch) are used as pulses in some regions, particularly in arid or marginal lands. Some Lathyrus species are grown as fodder or cover crops. Cultivation generally requires well-drained soil, a sunny to partly shaded location, and support for climbing types. They can be susceptible to pests, diseases, and winter cold, depending on the species.

Toxicity and safety

Several Lathyrus species contain toxins such as ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid), which can cause lathyrism if consumed in large quantities or under certain nutritional conditions, especially in famine situations. Sweet peas are not typically eaten, and proper processing and dietary balance are important where grass peas are used as a food source.

See also

Lathyrus odoratus and related ornamental cultivars; grass pea in pulse agriculture.