laminowanego

Laminowanego is a form of the Polish adjective laminowany, meaning laminated. It is used to describe objects or materials that have been subjected to lamination, a process that joins one or more layers of material with adhesive, heat, or pressure to form a composite.

Lamination is performed in several ways. Hot lamination uses heat-activated adhesives to bond layers together, often with a protective film or coating. Cold lamination relies on pressure-sensitive adhesives or mechanical fastening without heat. The choice of method depends on the materials involved, the desired properties, and cost considerations. Laminated products typically gain increased durability, moisture resistance, surface protection, or improved barrier properties, though it can also affect flexibility and recyclability.

Common applications include laminated wood products such as plywood and laminated veneer lumber, which use multiple layers to enhance strength and stability. In glazing, laminated glass consists of glass sheets bonded by interlayers (often polymer) to improve safety and reduce shattering. Packaging often uses laminated foils and films to protect contents and extend shelf life. Other examples are laminated metals, printed circuit boards with layered structures, and laminated textiles or papers used for durability or insulation.

Materials frequently involved in lamination include paper, various polymers (films, adhesives), wood, glass, metal foils, and composites. The term laminowanego appears in Polish descriptions to indicate that a component or item has the laminated state, distinguishing it from untreated or monolithic counterparts.

Etymology traces laminowanego to the verb laminować, itself borrowed into Polish from foreign sources, reflecting the widespread technical use of lamination in manufacturing, packaging, construction, and design. See also laminacja.