laicità

Laicità refers to the principle of secularism, particularly as it applies to the state. It signifies the separation of state institutions from religious institutions and religious dogma. A laic state is one that is neutral in matters of religion, neither favoring nor discriminating against any particular religion or belief system. This neutrality is intended to ensure freedom of conscience for all citizens, regardless of their religious or non-religious convictions.

The concept of laicità emphasizes that public policy and law should be based on reason, evidence, and the common good, rather than on religious doctrines. It does not imply hostility towards religion, but rather a commitment to public spaces and governance being accessible and fair to everyone. In a laic society, religious expression is generally permitted for individuals and communities, but it is typically not a basis for public decision-making or the operation of state institutions.

Laicità is often contrasted with confessional states, where a particular religion is officially recognized or supported by the government. The extent and interpretation of laicità can vary significantly between different countries, with some adopting a stricter separation and others allowing for more interaction between state and religious bodies. The core idea, however, remains the equal standing of all citizens before the law, irrespective of their faith.