kõrvalreaktsioonide

Kõrvalreaktsioonide (side effects) are unintended effects that occur during or after the administration of a medication, treatment, or exposure to a substance. These reactions can vary widely in severity, from mild and temporary to severe and potentially life-threatening. They can be categorized into several types:

1. Pharmacological side effects are those that are directly related to the medication's pharmacological action. For example, a common side effect of antihistamines is drowsiness.

2. Idiosyncratic side effects are rare and unpredictable, occurring in a small percentage of individuals. These reactions are not dose-dependent and can be severe.

3. Allergic reactions are immune-mediated responses to a substance, often occurring within minutes to hours of exposure. They can range from mild (e.g., hives) to severe (e.g., anaphylaxis).

4. Toxic side effects result from the accumulation of a substance in the body, often due to repeated or excessive exposure. For example, lead poisoning can occur from long-term exposure to lead.

5. Iatrogenic side effects are unintended consequences of medical treatment, such as infections resulting from invasive procedures.

The occurrence and severity of side effects can depend on various factors, including the individual's age, overall health, other medications they are taking, and the specific medication or treatment being used. It is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients for side effects and adjust treatment plans as necessary. Patients should also be informed about potential side effects and encouraged to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.