käbide

Käbid are the reproductive structures of coniferous trees, commonly referred to as pine cones. They serve to protect and facilitate the dispersal of seeds. In many coniferous species, käbid develop from female cones, which are typically larger and more woody than male cones. Male cones, or pollen cones, are usually smaller and produce pollen that is carried by the wind to fertilize the ovules in the female cones.

The structure of a käbi consists of a central axis from which scales, often referred to as bracts, emerge. These scales overlap and are arranged in a spiral pattern. Within the axils of these scales, the seeds are typically borne. The size, shape, and texture of käbid vary greatly depending on the species of conifer. Some are small and delicate, while others are large and robust. The outer surface can be smooth, prickly, or winged.

When a käbi matures, its scales may open to release the seeds, or in some cases, the entire käbi may fall from the tree. The opening and closing of scales are often influenced by environmental conditions, particularly humidity. Dry conditions tend to cause scales to open, aiding in seed dispersal, while moist conditions can cause them to close, offering protection. The seeds themselves are often winged, allowing them to be carried by the wind to new locations where they may germinate and grow into new trees. Käbid are an integral part of the life cycle of coniferous forests and play a role in forest regeneration.