kypros

Kypros is the Greek name for the island nation commonly known in English as Cyprus. The toponym derives from copper, kypros in ancient Greek, reflecting the island’s historic copper resources and trade.

Geography and political status: Kypros lies in the Eastern Mediterranean, south of Turkey and west of the Levant, with the surrounding sea. It is the third-largest island in the Mediterranean, covering about 9,251 square kilometres. The capital and largest city is Nicosia. Since the 1974 conflict, the island has a de facto partition: the southern two-thirds form the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus; the northern portion is controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognized only by Turkey. The Republic joined the European Union in 2004 and adopted the euro in 2008.

History: The island has been inhabited since prehistoric times and has seen rule by ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, Persians, Hellenic kingdoms, Romans, Byzantines, Crusaders, and Ottomans. In 1960 Cyprus gained independence from Britain. Intercommunal conflict and a 1974 Turkish military intervention led to long-running partition. Negotiations have sought a reunified state, but a final settlement has not been achieved.

Demographics and culture: The population comprises Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, with Greek and Turkish as official languages. The majority religion is Greek Orthodoxy, with a Muslim minority. Cultural life blends Greek, Turkish, and Levantine influences. Notable sites include Kourion, Paphos, and the Tombs of the Kings; the cuisine features halloumi cheese and Commandaria wine. The economy emphasizes services, tourism, and energy exploration, with offshore natural gas reserves contributing to growth.