kupari

Kupari is the term for copper, the chemical element with symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a reddish, lustrous metal known for its high ductility, malleability, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Copper is relatively resistant to corrosion in many environments and develops a protective patina over time.

Occurrence and production

Copper occurs naturally as native copper and in minerals such as chalcopyrite, bornite, malachite, and cuprite. It is principally obtained from sulfide and oxide ores through mining, ore concentration, smelting, and refining by electrolysis to high purity metal. Major producers include Chile, Peru, the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Australia.

Uses and applications

Copper and its alloys have a wide range of applications. Copper is extensively used in electrical wiring, electronics, plumbing, and heat exchangers due to its conductivity and formability. It is also used in roofing and architectural elements. Alloys such as brass (copper–zinc) and bronze (copper–tin) are valued for strength, hardness, and wear resistance. Copper compounds have various industrial uses, including catalysts, pigments, and agricultural products. Copper surfaces are noted for antimicrobial properties in certain contexts.

History and etymology

Copper has been worked since ancient times, with widespread use in the Bronze Age. The Latin name cuprum, from which the symbol Cu derives, references the island of Cyprus, a historic center of early copper mining.

Safety and environment

Copper and many of its compounds can be toxic at high exposures. Mining and smelting can cause environmental pollution if not properly managed. Recycling copper reduces energy use and environmental impact.

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