cuprum

Cuprum is the Latin name for the chemical element copper, which has atomic number 29 and the symbol Cu. The term cuprum derives from Cyprium aes, meaning the metal of Cyprus, reflecting early sources of copper ore on the island. The Latin name gives the basis for the chemical symbol Cu and for related terms such as cuprous and cupric.

Copper is a ductile, malleable metal with high electrical and thermal conductivity. It melts at 1084.62°C and boils at 2562°C, with a density of about 8.96 g/cm3. In nature it occurs both as native copper and in minerals such as chalcopyrite, bornite, so-called secondary ores like malachite and azurite, and other copper sulfides and carbonates. The element is typically produced from ore through smelting and refining, and high-purity copper is obtained by electrorefining or electrowinning. Copper is highly recyclable and retains its properties after remelting.

Historically, copper was among the first metals used by humans, playing a central role in early metallurgy and the development of bronze through alloying with tin. In modern technology copper remains essential due to its conductivity, corrosion resistance, and superconducting properties in certain alloys, making it fundamental in electrical wiring, plumbing, heat exchangers, and various industrial components. Copper alloys, such as bronze (copper-tin) and brass (copper-zinc), extend its applications.

Copper commonly exhibits oxidation states of +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric), forming oxides Cu2O and CuO and a wide range of other compounds, including sulfates, chlorides, and silicates, which are studied in inorganic and materials chemistry.