kromoglikaatit

Kromoglikaatit, also known as cromoglicates, are a group of medications primarily used to prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells. They are classified as mast cell stabilizers. The most well-known compound in this group is sodium cromoglicate.

These medications work by inhibiting the degranulation of mast cells, which are responsible for releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and other substances that cause allergic and inflammatory reactions. Kromoglikaatit do not block the action of these released mediators once they are present; rather, they prevent their initial release. Because of this mechanism, they are considered prophylactic agents, meaning they are most effective when taken regularly before exposure to a trigger or before symptoms typically appear. They have a slow onset of action and do not provide immediate relief from acute symptoms.

Kromoglikaatit are used in the management of various allergic conditions. Sodium cromoglicate is commonly administered as an inhaled medication for asthma, particularly in cases of exercise-induced or allergic asthma where it can help prevent bronchoconstriction. It is also available as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis and as a nasal spray for allergic rhinitis. Oral formulations are used for certain gastrointestinal conditions like food allergies and mastocytosis.

Side effects are generally mild and infrequent. Common side effects for inhaled cromoglicate include throat irritation or cough. Eye drop formulations may cause transient stinging or irritation. Oral preparations can sometimes lead to gastrointestinal upset. Kromoglikaatit are considered to have a favorable safety profile, with systemic absorption being low for most formulations.