kriptografik

Kriptografik is an adjective used in several languages to describe things related to cryptography. In English, the corresponding term is cryptographic. The field studies methods for securing information by transforming it into formats that are unreadable to unauthorized readers and that can be reversed by authorized parties.

Core concepts include encryption and decryption, keys, and cryptographic algorithms. Encryption uses an algorithm and a key to convert plaintext into ciphertext. Decryption applies the inverse operation to recover the original message. Cryptography distinguishes between symmetric algorithms, which use a single shared key, and asymmetric (public-key) systems, which use a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.

Other essential tools are hash functions, which produce fixed-size digests to verify data integrity; digital signatures, which provide authenticity and non-repudiation; and key exchange protocols, which enable two parties to establish a shared secret securely. Together, these technologies support secure communications, data integrity, authentication, and trusted electronic transactions.

Security goals in cryptography include confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, non-repudiation, and, in some contexts, availability. The field has evolved from classical ciphers to modern algorithms such as AES, RSA, ECC, and various cryptographic protocols like TLS for secure communications and digital signature schemes for document integrity.

History and practice involve ongoing research in cryptanalysis, secure key management, and the development of standards by organizations such as NIST and ISO. Current challenges include resilience against quantum attacks and ensuring secure randomness, with post-quantum cryptography driving future standardization and implementation work.