kopiatorer

Kopiatorer are devices designed to produce copies of documents. They can be standalone units or integrated into multifunction printers that also print, scan, and sometimes fax or email. Most contemporary kopiatorer are digital: a scanned image is converted to a digital file and then printed as requested, often with color capability and finishing options such as duplexing.

Historically, kopiatorer relied on xerography, in which a photoconductive drum is charged, an imaging light creates a latent image, toner is attracted to the charged areas, and heat fuses the toner to paper. Modern machines are predominantly digital, using laser or LED engines to form the image and toner-based output. Color kopiatorer use multiple toners (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) to reproduce full color.

Kopiatorer vary in speed and capacity. Output is typically measured in pages per minute (ppm), with duplex (two-sided) copying becoming standard on many models. Common features include automatic document feeders, stapling, hole punching, various finishing options, and network connectivity for shared access. Security features such as user authentication, secure print, and activity reporting are increasingly common in office environments.

Kopiatorer are used in offices, schools, and public institutions to duplicate documents efficiently. They require regular maintenance and consumables such as toner cartridges and fusers. Environmental considerations include energy efficiency, sleep modes, and reduced ozone emissions in newer models.