konfoundedmuuttujia
Konfoundedmuuttujia, often translated as confounding variables, are extraneous factors that can influence both the independent and dependent variables in a study, leading to a misleading association between them. When a confounding variable is present, it can distort the true relationship between the variables of interest, making it appear as though the independent variable is causing a change in the dependent variable when in reality, the confounder is responsible for the observed effect.
Identifying and controlling for confounding variables is crucial for establishing causal relationships and ensuring the validity