konduktiv

Konduktiv is a term used in materials science and electronics to describe the property of a material to conduct electric current. The word derives from the German adjective konduktiv, meaning capable of conducting. In practice, konduktiv is quantified by electrical conductivity, sigma, measured in siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity and is related to Ohm’s law for homogeneous materials.

Materials with high konduktiv include metals, which typically exhibit conductivities above roughly 10^6 S/m. Semiconductors show a wide range of conductivity that depends on temperature, doping, and crystal structure, spanning many orders of magnitude from well below 1 S/m to well above 10^3 S/m. Insulators have very low conductivity, often far below 10^-12 S/m. Some materials display anisotropic konduktiv, meaning the conductivity varies with direction, a property seen in certain crystals and layered compounds. Ionic conductors conduct charge primarily via ions, as in electrolytes, rather than electrons.

Applications rely on konduktiv properties and include electrical wiring, printed electronics, sensors, and electrochemical devices. Conductive polymers, nanocomposites, and transparent conductors enable flexible, lightweight, or visually transparent implementations in displays, photovoltaics, and smart fabrics. Ongoing research in this field focuses on increasing conductivity, reducing losses, and tuning the temperature and chemical stability of conductive materials for diverse environments.