kommunikationssvårigheter

Kommunikation, or communication, is the process of creating, sending, receiving, and interpreting information, ideas, or symbols between individuals or groups. A typical act involves a sender who encodes a message, a channel for transmission, a receiver who decodes, and feedback that closes the loop. Context, culture, and noise influence meaning and interpretation.

Communication occurs across verbal, nonverbal, and visual modes. Verbal communication uses spoken or written language; nonverbal includes tone, posture, facial expressions, and gesture; visual communication relies on images, symbols, and layout. Channels range from face-to-face dialogue and telephone to letters, email, messaging apps, and social media. Various models describe the process, including Shannon–Weaver and transactional frameworks that emphasize encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise.

Applications span personal relationships, education, business, journalism, and governance. Barriers such as linguistic differences, cultural norms, assumptions, emotional states, information overload, and technology gaps can hinder understanding. Effective communication requires clarity, active listening, appropriate channel choice, and consideration of audience. Over time, media and technology have expanded reach and speed, from printing and telegraph to the internet and mobile networks, transforming how societies share information.