koluokka

Koluokka is a traditional Finnish holiday celebrated on the evening of December 13, marking the eve of Saint Lucia’s Day (Luciatärke) in the Christian calendar. The name "koluokka" originates from the Finnish word *kolme* (three) and *uokka* (a type of fish), referencing a local legend about three fish that were miraculously saved from being eaten by a hungry family during a famine. The holiday is primarily observed in Finland, particularly in rural and coastal areas, though its customs have faded in many regions over time.

The celebration centers around a communal meal featuring koluokka, a dish made from three types of fish—traditionally herring, sprat, and smelt—cooked together in a broth with onions, dill, and other seasonings. The meal is often shared among neighbors or family, symbolizing unity and gratitude. In some areas, the fish are arranged in a triangular formation on a platter to represent the three fish from the legend, reinforcing the holiday’s themes of abundance and providence.

Koluokka is also associated with folklore and superstitions. Some traditions include leaving a portion of the meal outside as an offering to ensure good luck for the coming year. In certain parts of Finland, the holiday was linked to the winter solstice, with rituals aimed at warding off evil spirits or ensuring a successful fishing season. While Saint Lucia’s Day itself remains a widely recognized holiday in Finland, koluokka serves as a distinct, locally rooted observance that reflects the country’s cultural and historical ties to the sea and seasonal traditions. Today, it is celebrated by a smaller but dedicated group of Finns, often as a way to preserve regional heritage.