kolojáció

Kolojáció is a linguistic phenomenon describing the regular co-occurrence of words in a language. It refers to word pairs or groups that occur together more often than would be expected by chance, contributing to established expressions or phrases. The concept is commonly equated with the English term collocation, though its use and scope vary across languages and scholarly traditions.

Two main types are often distinguished: lexical kolokáció and grammatical kolokáció. Lexical kolokáció concerns combinations of content words such as strong coffee or make a decision, where the meaning emerges from the togetherness of the words. Grammatical kolokáció involves habitual interdependencies between function words and content words, such as take a walk or commit a crime. Some kolokációk are fixed or semi-fixed, such as bread and butter, while others tolerate variation.

Detection and analysis of kolokációs patterns rely on corpus data. Measures such as mutual information, Dice, or likelihood ratio quantify association strength between word partners. Frequency, position, and syntactic relations are considered, and statistical thresholds help distinguish genuine kolokáció from chance co-occurrence.

Applications include language teaching, dictionary making, lexicography, and natural language processing tasks such as machine translation, word sense disambiguation, and search query expansion. Understanding kolokáció improves fluency, reliability of translation, and the modeling of idiomatic language. Related concepts include collocation, phraseology, and multiword expressions.