kollektiviserte

Kollektiviserte describes the action of transforming private property or private initiative into collective ownership or management, typically by organizing production, land, or services into collectives. The infinitive is kollektivisere; in Swedish it is kollektiviserade and in Danish kollektiviserede. The noun is kollektivisering, and the concept encompasses forms such as collective farms or worker collectives.

Historically, kollektivisering is closely associated with the Soviet policy of consolidating peasant households into large state- or collective-owned farms during the late 1920s and 1930s. The process often relied on coercive measures, requisitioning of grain and livestock, and political pressure. It contributed to significant social upheaval and famines in several regions, most notably Ukraine in 1932–1933. Similar efforts occurred in other Communist states, with varying degrees of coercion and success.

In contemporary usage, the term can describe moves toward collectivization in other sectors, such as housing, workplaces, or cooperatives, where private ownership or management is replaced by collective ownership or governance. While it remains a historically loaded term in many contexts, kollektiviserte may be used descriptively to discuss current or proposed collective arrangements within socialist or cooperative frameworks.

See also: collectivization; cooperatives; socialist economics.