kokonaisbias
Kokonaisbias is a term used in statistical analysis, measurement theory, and data science to describe the cumulative systematic error that arises when observed values differ consistently from the true or expected values. The word is derived from the Finnish "kokonais" meaning "overall" or "total" and "bias," a widely used English statistical concept. Although the term is not as common as generic bias, it is frequently encountered in Finnish literature on experimental design, quality control, and risk assessment.
In statistics, bias refers to the difference between the expected value of an estimator and the true
Measurement systems engineering addresses kokonaisbias through the ISO/IEC 17025 standard, which mandates rigorous bias estimation and
In machine‑learning contexts, kokonaisbias can manifest as model mis-calibration, where predicted probabilities systematically deviate from observed
Consequently, awareness and active management of kokonaisbias are essential for ensuring the validity of scientific studies,