kokkuhoiu

Kokkuhoiu is an Estonian term meaning savings. It refers to the act of accumulating money or other financial resources by reducing current consumption, with the aim of future use. The concept covers both private savings by individuals and households, as well as collective savings by governments and corporations. In practice, kokkuhoiu may take the form of bank deposits, investment portfolios, pension contributions, and other financial assets.

Economically, savings provide funds for investment and influence macroeconomic conditions such as interest rates and the current account. The savings rate—the portion of income saved rather than spent—helps indicate the financial resilience of households and the propensity to invest. National saving equals private saving plus public saving, expressed as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). High savings can support long-term growth through capital formation, while very high savings relative to investment can depress short-term demand.

Policy and institutions shape kokkuhoiu through tax-advantaged accounts, pension schemes, and financial education. Estonia and other economies have deployed digital banking tools and transparent financial products to encourage saving. Researchers study how demographic trends, income distribution, and interest-rate environments affect saving behavior. See also: savings, personal finance, macroeconomic savings, pensions, investment accounts.