klippers

Klippers is an open-source firmware platform for 3D printers and other CNC devices. It uses a distributed architecture in which a host computer, typically a Raspberry Pi, runs the main controller and performs G-code interpretation and high-level motion planning, while one or more microcontrollers on the printer handle real-time stepper motor control and I/O operations. The host and microcontroller communicate over a serial link, with the host streaming movement commands derived from G-code to the MCU.

Configuration in Klippers is centralized in a single text file, usually printer.cfg, which defines hardware parameters such as steps per millimeter, endstops, thermistors, bed leveling, and axis configuration. This straightforward approach simplifies hardware upgrades and changes compared with traditional monolithic firmware.

Key features of Klippers include high-precision stepper timing achieved by offloading real-time work to the microcontroller, and advanced motion capabilities such as input shaping for vibration reduction and pressure advance for better extrusion control. It also supports mesh and probe-based bed leveling, real-time calibration, and extensive macro functionality for complex tasks. Klippers supports multiple microcontrollers on a single printer and integrates with common frontends such as OctoPrint and KlipperScreen for user interaction.

History and reception: Klippers emerged in the 2010s as an alternative to conventional firmware like Marlin. It has since gained a broad ecosystem of users and contributors, praised for improved print quality, smoother motion, and faster tuning, albeit with a steeper initial setup for users new to the architecture. Its ongoing development is driven by an active community and regular updates.