klinometers
A klinometer is an instrument used to measure angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is essentially a type of inclinometer, and the terms are often used interchangeably. Klinometers typically consist of a weighted pointer or bubble that aligns with the direction of gravity. When the instrument is placed on a surface, the angle of that surface relative to the horizontal can be read from a calibrated scale.
The principle behind a klinometer is simple physics. A plumb bob, which is a weight suspended from
Klinometers find applications in various fields. Surveyors use them for determining the gradient of land, which