klerus

Klerus is the term used for the body of ordained religious leaders within a Christian church or within certain other religious communities. The word derives from Latin clerus, which in turn reflects the idea of a portion or lot set apart for sacred duties, with roots in Greek. The concept denotes those recognized as having received ordination and entrusted with leadership, teaching, and sacramental responsibilities.

In most Christian traditions, the klerus includes specific offices and ranks that vary by denomination. In Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, the principal orders are bishops, priests, and deacons. Bishops oversee dioceses, priests administer sacraments and lead congregations, and deacons assist in liturgical and charitable activities. In many Protestant churches, clergy are called ministers or pastors, with additional roles such as elders or presbyters in some traditions; some groups also ordain women. Monastic communities—monks and nuns—are sometimes regarded as part of the clerical state or as a separate form of religious life, depending on tradition.

The relationship between the klerus and laity is a defining aspect of church organization. Ordination is the customary act that confers clerical authority for certain rites, governance, and teaching. Across denominations, the klerus has historically influenced education, culture, and social policy, though the scope and authority of clerical leadership have evolved with changes in doctrine, governance, and state-church relations. Modern practice shows wide variation in structure, responsibilities, and gender roles within the clerical community.