kjernemodellen

Kjernemodellen is a theoretical framework developed by Norwegian sociologist Jacob Paludan in the 1970s. The model aims to explain the formation and dynamics of conflict and social movements. The core idea of the model is that social change occurs through a process of de-focusing and re-focusing of energies among social actors.

According to Paludan, social change begins with a state of equilibrium where people are satisfied with the existing social order. However, as societal conditions and needs change, tensions build up, and a de-focusing process takes place. This process involves the concentration of dissent and the emergence of counter-culture movements, which challenge the existing power structures.

As the de-focusing process intensifies, social conflicts escalate, and the existing power structures become vulnerable to challenge. The re-focusing process follows, where new interests and demands emerge, and the state or existing power structures attempt to restore order and control. The re-focusing process often leads to the creation of new institutions, laws, and policies that shape the emerging social order.

Kjernemodellen provides a useful framework for understanding the dynamics of social change and conflict. It highlights the interactive nature of power, the role of social actors in shaping their own destinies, and the potential for social change. While the model has been influential in Norwegian social science, its application and critiques vary across disciplines.