kiviga

Kiviga is an Estonian linguistic term referring to the instrumental form of the noun kivi, which means stone. The instrumental form is created by adding the suffix -ga to the noun, yielding kiviga, which translates literally to “with a stone.” It is used to indicate the instrument or means by which an action is performed.

In standard Estonian grammar, kiviga functions as an instrumental adjunct within a sentence. It denotes what is used to carry out an action, such as tools, weapons, or other implements. Because of its function, kiviga typically appears alongside verbs of action to specify the method or device involved.

Kiviga can appear in a variety of stylistic and historical contexts, including descriptive passages that discuss tools or implements in archaeology, anthropology, or narrative prose. While common in everyday language, it is especially relevant in formal or scholarly descriptions of methods and procedures that involve using a stone as an instrument.

See also: Estonian grammar, Instrumental case, Noun cases in Estonian.

References are generally found in grammar handbooks and language describe resources that outline Estonian case forms and their use in indicating means or instruments.