kiuks

Kiuks are a traditional form of headwear originating from the Baltic region, particularly among the Latvian and Lithuanian peoples. The term "kiuks" (pronounced *kiooks*) is derived from the Latvian word for "hair," reflecting its close association with hairstyles and hair protection. Historically, kiuks were crafted from natural materials such as wool, linen, or horsehair, often dyed with plant-based pigments to achieve vibrant colors like red, blue, or black.

These head coverings served multiple practical and cultural purposes. In colder climates, kiuks provided warmth and insulation, shielding the head and neck from harsh winds and freezing temperatures. They were also worn during religious ceremonies, festivals, and daily life as a symbol of identity and social status. The intricate patterns and designs, often hand-embroidered or woven, carried personal and familial significance, with certain motifs representing protection, fertility, or spiritual beliefs.

Kiuks were particularly prominent among rural communities, where they were worn by both men and women. Over time, their use declined with modernization, though they remain a cherished part of cultural heritage. Today, kiuks are occasionally revived during folk festivals, weddings, and traditional celebrations as a way to preserve Baltic cultural traditions. They are also studied by ethnographers and historians for their role in reflecting the social and environmental conditions of the Baltic region during the 19th and early 20th centuries.