kinszelekció

Kinszelekció, a term originating from Hungarian, refers to the selection of a particular gene or trait within a kinship group that is advantageous for the survival and reproduction of related individuals. This concept is closely tied to the principles of kin selection in evolutionary biology, which explains altruistic behaviors among relatives. The underlying idea is that individuals may sacrifice their own direct reproductive success to aid their relatives, provided that the benefit to the relatives' reproductive success outweighs the individual's cost. This altruism is favored by natural selection because it indirectly increases the frequency of the altruistic individual's genes in the population through their shared genes with relatives.

The degree of altruism observed in kin selection is often proportional to the degree of relatedness. For instance, an individual is more likely to exhibit altruistic behavior towards a full sibling (sharing 50% of genes) than towards a cousin (sharing 12.5% of genes). This is because the inclusive fitness, which encompasses direct and indirect fitness through relatives, is higher when investing in closer kin. Examples of kin selection in nature include alarm calls in social insects or birds, where an individual might put itself at risk to warn its colony or family members of an approaching predator. While the term "kinszelekció" specifically comes from Hungarian, the concept it describes is universal in the study of social behavior and evolution.