kilégzési

Kilégzési (also known as exhalation) refers to the process by which air is expelled from the lungs during respiration. It is a fundamental component of the breathing cycle, which includes inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation. During kilégzési, carbon dioxide (CO₂), a metabolic waste product, is removed from the body, while oxygen (O₂) levels in the lungs decrease. This exchange occurs in the alveoli, tiny air sacs within the lungs where gas diffusion takes place.

The act of kilégzési is primarily controlled by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. After inhalation, when these muscles relax, the chest cavity decreases in volume, increasing pressure inside the lungs relative to the external environment. This pressure difference forces air out through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. The rate and depth of kilégzési can vary depending on factors such as physical activity, metabolic demands, and respiratory health.

In healthy individuals, kilégzési is generally passive, requiring minimal muscular effort, whereas inhalation often involves active contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. However, conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or other respiratory disorders can impair efficient kilégzési, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath or wheezing. Proper respiratory function relies on the coordination between inhalation and exhalation to maintain optimal oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Kilégzési also plays a role in vocalization, as the expulsion of air across the vocal cords produces sound. Additionally, controlled breathing techniques often emphasize exhalation to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve lung capacity. Understanding the mechanics of kilégzési is essential for assessing respiratory health and addressing potential breathing-related issues.