kiintopiste

Kiintopiste is a Finnish term meaning a fixed point. In mathematics, kiintopiste refers to a point x that satisfies f(x) = x for a given function f. Fixed points are central in the study of dynamical systems and iterative methods. They can be unique or multiple, and they may be stable (attracting) or unstable, depending on the behavior of nearby points and the properties of f. In numerical analysis, fixed-point iteration seeks to converge to a kiintopiste of a problem by repeatedly applying the function.

In surveying and geodesy, kiintopiste denotes a physical reference point with known coordinates that serves as a benchmark for positioning, mapping and instrument calibration. Such points are part of a control network and may be marked by monuments or markers. Data about kiintopiste points are stored in geodetic databases and are used to ensure accuracy of measurements across projects and over time.

The term thus covers both an abstract mathematical concept and a concrete, real-world reference point. The exact meaning depends on the context, with kiintopiste serving as an anchor or unchanged element within a transformation, calculation, or measurement system.