keuhkoödeemi

Keuhkoödeemi, also known as pulmonary edema, is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs. This fluid buildup impairs the lungs' ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream, leading to shortness of breath and other respiratory difficulties.

There are two main types of keuhkoödeemi: cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is the most common form and is typically caused by heart problems, such as heart failure. When the heart cannot pump blood effectively, pressure builds up in the blood vessels of the lungs, forcing fluid into the air sacs. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, also known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can be caused by direct lung injury or other systemic illnesses, such as pneumonia, sepsis, or near-drowning.

Symptoms of keuhkoödeemi can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause, but commonly include extreme shortness of breath, a feeling of suffocation, coughing up frothy or bloody sputum, rapid breathing, and a rapid heartbeat. In severe cases, it can lead to a life-threatening emergency.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood tests to assess oxygen levels and identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on removing the excess fluid, improving oxygenation, and addressing the root cause of the edema. This may involve medications to improve heart function, diuretics to remove fluid, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, mechanical ventilation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.