ketoglutaric

Ketoglutaric refers to ketoglutaric acid and its salts, most commonly alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) and alpha-ketoglutarate. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is a five-carbon dicarboxylic keto acid that occurs in cells and mitochondria. The neutral acid and its salt forms, such as calcium alpha-ketoglutarate and magnesium alpha-ketoglutarate, are used in various dietary supplement products.

In metabolism, alpha-ketoglutarate is a central intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle. It is formed from isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase and is subsequently oxidatively decarboxylated to succinyl-CoA by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, producing NADH and releasing CO2. AKG also serves as an amino group acceptor in transamination reactions, forming glutamate; through further metabolism it contributes to the synthesis of other amino acids such as glutamine and proline and plays a role in nitrogen transport. AKG-dependent dioxygenases also connect it to collagen biosynthesis and other hydroxylation reactions.

Uses and considerations: AKG supplements are marketed for athletic performance, muscle preservation, and other health claims, but robust clinical evidence is limited. The safety profile in healthy individuals appears generally acceptable at standard doses, though high doses can cause gastrointestinal upset, and there may be interactions with certain medications or conditions. People with kidney disease or those taking medications affecting nitrogen or amino acid metabolism should consult a healthcare professional before use.