kesän

Kesän is the genitive singular form of kesä, the Finnish word for summer. It is used to express possession, association, or a relationship between summer and another noun, roughly translating to “of the summer” or “summer’s” in English. In Finnish, the genitive form links nouns in various constructions such as time expressions, attributes, and possessive phrases.

The term kesä is a basic word in Finnish and is part of the language’s core vocabulary. The genitive ending -n is attached to the stem kesä to produce kesän, which is then combined with another noun to form a compound phrase, for example kesän lopu‍l‍la (at the end of the summer), kesän aikana (during the summer), kesän lämpö (the warmth of the summer).

Common usages include phrases describing time, weather, or events tied to a particular summer. For instance, kesän suunnitelmat means the plans for the summer, kesän tapahtumat refers to events of the summer, and kesän sää describes the summer weather. The genitive form is also used in broader expressions of belonging or association, such as kesän loppu (the end of the summer) or kesän aikana (during the summer).

Notes on grammar: kesän is not a stand-alone noun in typical usage but a grammatical form that appears in longer noun phrases. Finnish often employs the genitive to express relationships between nouns, making kesän a common element in compound expressions related to the summer season.