keskkonnõigus

Keskkonnaõigus, also known as environmental law, is a body of law that governs human interaction with the environment. It seeks to protect natural resources and human health from the negative impacts of human activities. This field of law encompasses a wide range of regulations, from those addressing air and water pollution to those concerned with wildlife protection and waste management.

The origins of environmental law can be traced back to concerns about public health and sanitation. However, modern environmental law began to emerge in the latter half of the 20th century, spurred by increasing awareness of environmental degradation and its potential consequences. Key developments included the establishment of environmental protection agencies and the enactment of landmark legislation at national and international levels.

Environmental law operates at multiple levels, including local, national, and international. International agreements, such as conventions on climate change or biodiversity, set global standards and encourage cooperation among states. National laws then implement these international commitments and address specific domestic environmental issues. Local ordinances often deal with issues such as zoning, waste disposal, and local conservation efforts.

The core principles of environmental law often include the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and the principle of sustainable development. These principles guide the development and enforcement of environmental regulations, aiming to prevent harm, assign responsibility for pollution, and balance environmental protection with economic and social needs. Enforcement of environmental laws typically involves a combination of administrative actions, civil lawsuits, and criminal penalties.