keratinizovanými

Keratinizovanými is a Czech adjective meaning "keratinized." It describes tissues or cells that have undergone the process of keratinization, which is a natural biological process where cells fill with keratin, a tough, fibrous structural protein. This process is particularly important in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.

In the skin, keratinization leads to the formation of a protective barrier against mechanical stress, dehydration, and pathogens. The cells in the epidermis gradually mature and accumulate keratin as they move towards the surface, eventually flattening and forming the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. This layer is primarily composed of dead, keratinized cells.

Beyond the skin, keratinization also occurs in other epithelial tissues, such as the lining of the mouth, esophagus, and hair follicles. In hair and nails, keratin is the primary structural component, giving them their strength and resilience. The term "keratinizovanými" can also refer to pathological conditions where keratinization is abnormal or excessive, such as in certain skin diseases.