kemandirian

Kemandirian is a concept in Indonesian that denotes the quality or state of being independent and self-reliant. The noun kemandirian is formed from the adjective mandiri with the suffix -an, and it broadly covers personal, organizational, and national spheres.

At the personal level, kemandirian describes the capacity to manage daily tasks, finances, health, and education without excessive dependence on others. In social policy and development, it is used to promote autonomy for families, youth, persons with disabilities, and communities, often through skills training, access to resources, and supportive institutions.

Economic and national dimensions include food and energy self-sufficiency, local production, and the ability of a country or region to withstand external shocks. Kemandirian can be pursued through building local capacities, sustainable practices, and governance that encourages responsible decision making while maintaining cooperation with others where appropriate.

Usage and discourse vary by context; it is often linked to themes such as resilience, empowerment, and sustainability. Critics note that true kemandirian may require coordinated efforts and appropriate external links, rather than isolation.

See also autonomy, independence, self-reliance, and sovereignty.