keiseis

Keiseis were a type of Japanese courtesan who existed from the Edo period through the Meiji period. The term keisei translates to "castle-protectress" or "keeper of the fortress," suggesting their role as entertainers and companions for powerful men. They were highly skilled in various arts, including music, dance, poetry, and conversation. Many keiseis were educated and sophisticated, and some achieved considerable fame and influence.

Unlike the more restrictive geisha system, keiseis were often associated with prostitution, though their services extended beyond mere sexual encounters. They provided intellectual stimulation and emotional companionship, acting as confidantes and muses for their patrons. The most accomplished keiseis could command high prices and had dedicated followings.

The social status of keiseis varied. While some were courtesans in licensed pleasure districts, others operated more independently. Their lives were often precarious, subject to the whims of their patrons and the fluctuating social and economic conditions. Despite the societal perceptions, many keiseis contributed to the cultural landscape, preserving and evolving traditional arts. The tradition of keiseis gradually declined with the modernization of Japan and changing social norms in the early 20th century.