keformalan

Keformalan is a term used in Indonesian linguistics and social studies to describe the quality or state of formality in language, behavior, and social practice. It denotes the degree to which interactions conform to established norms, rituals, and standards of politeness and propriety within a given community or context. The word combines the prefix ke- with formal, forming an abstract noun that refers to formality as a phenomenon.

In language use, keformalan governs register choices, ranging from informal to formal. Indicators include pronoun use (such as Anda versus kamu in Indonesian), the use of honorifics like Bapak and Ibu, polite request forms, and the selection of vocabulary and syntactic structures appropriate to the setting. In formal contexts, speakers typically employ more elaborate greetings, indirect expressions, and official terminology.

In social practice and institutions, keformalan shapes dress codes, rituals, and procedural language in education, government, business, and ceremonial events. Official documents often rely on formal diction, standardized formats, and precise terminology to convey legitimacy and precision.

Culturally, keformalan varies across societies and evolves over time. Globalization and digital communication introduce new norms, such as online politeness conventions and changes in workplace or educational etiquette, which can blend traditional formality with more casual tones.

Overall, keformalan intersects with politeness, power relations, and social identity, reflecting how communities manage respect, social distance, and accountability in language and conduct.