keffiyehs

The keffiyeh, kufiya, or shemagh is a traditional square scarf originating in the Middle East. It is typically woven from cotton or a cotton blend and measures about one meter on each side. The scarf features a checked pattern, most commonly in black and white, or red and white, though other color schemes exist. It is worn by men in many Arab countries and is often secured on the head with an agal, a black cord, while the fabric falls over the shoulders.

In Gulf states the scarf is commonly known as a ghutra or shemagh; the white version is widely worn as a daily head covering, sometimes with a red or black banded pattern. In Palestine and parts of the Levant, the black-and-white keffiyeh has become a symbol of Palestinian identity and political associations, especially after the mid-20th century.

Historically, the keffiyeh served practical functions, protecting wearers from sun, wind, sand, and cold. It originated among Bedouin and rural communities across the region, with variations in weave and dye that indicate local styles. The iconic pattern is a product of traditional weaving techniques rather than a single origin.

In modern times the keffiyeh has also become a global fashion item and political symbol, leading to debates about cultural appropriation and authenticity. It is available in many materials and patterns, and care typically involves gentle washing and air drying.