keelealased

Keelealased, also known as scale insects or Coccoidea, are a diverse superfamily of insects within the order Hemiptera. These small, sessile insects are characterized by their hardened, scale-like coverings that protect their bodies. Keelealased are primarily phytophagous, feeding on plant sap through their piercing-sucking mouthparts.

The lifecycle of keelealased typically includes multiple stages, beginning with mobile nymphs called crawlers, which settle on a host plant and develop into immobile adults covered by a protective scale. Females often remain attached to their host plants throughout their lives, laying eggs beneath their scales. The insects exhibit a wide range of ecological relationships, from benign commensals to significant pests that can cause economic damage to crops, ornamental plants, and forests.

Keelealased are known for their economic importance, as some species (such as the cottony cushion scale or scale insects affecting citrus trees) have historically impacted agriculture. Control methods vary and may include biological control agents like lady beetles or parasitoid wasps, chemical insecticides, and cultural practices to manage infestations.

The diversity of keelealased is substantial, with thousands of described species worldwide. They play important roles in ecosystems, contributing to nutrient cycling and serving as prey for various predators. Despite their small size and sometimes pest status, keelealased are integral components of their ecological niches and are of interest to entomologists and agricultural specialists alike.