kaupunguntoden
Kaupunguntoden is a term used in Finnish urban studies to describe a process of decline in a city’s population, economy, and social vitality that can threaten the viability of its urban core. The phrase is typically employed descriptively rather than as a formal statistical category, and it is used to compare different cities facing shrinking or stagnant growth.
Common drivers include deindustrialization, outsourcing, or automation reducing local employment; suburbanization reducing central demand; demographic aging
Responses emphasize urban regeneration, economic diversification, and targeted governance reforms, including incentives for revitalization, public-private partnerships,
See also: urban decay, urban renewal, shrinkage in cities, Finnish urban policy.