kaugtoiming

Kaugtoiming, or remote actuation, is the ability to actuate a device or system from a distance by sending control signals over a communication link. It is used in automation and control to operate equipment without local presence.

A kaugtoiming system typically includes sensors, a remote controller, actuators at the field device, and a communication network. Control may be open-loop or closed-loop, with feedback guiding the actuator state. Actuators can be electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or piezoelectric; communications can be wired (for example Ethernet or CAN) or wireless (RF, cellular, satellite). Teleoperation or remote manipulation may involve operator interfaces and, in some cases, haptic feedback.

Common applications span industrial process control, electrical power substations, building automation, robotics, and aerospace. Remote actuation is also used for remotely operated valves or switches in oil and gas and water utilities, especially in hazardous or inaccessible environments.

Key considerations include latency, reliability, fault tolerance, cybersecurity, safety interlocks, and regulatory compliance. Interoperability and standards efforts seek to ensure compatibility between devices from different vendors and across systems. Advances in edge computing, secure communication, and robust networking continue to expand the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of kaugtoiming in modern control architectures.