karburattori

The karburatturi, commonly known as carburetors, are mechanical devices used in internal combustion engines to mix air and fuel in the correct ratio for combustion. They were a staple of gasoline engines for many decades before being largely replaced by fuel injection systems.

A carburetor functions based on the Venturi principle. As air is drawn through a constricted passage (the Venturi), its velocity increases, and its pressure decreases. This low-pressure area draws fuel from a reservoir (the float bowl) through a jet. The airflow atomizes the fuel, creating a fine mist that mixes with the air.

The engine's speed and load are controlled by a throttle valve, typically a butterfly valve, located in the carburetor's throat. Opening the throttle allows more air-fuel mixture into the engine, increasing power and speed. Conversely, closing the throttle restricts the flow, reducing power.

Different circuits within the carburetor handle various operating conditions. The idle circuit provides a rich mixture for low engine speeds. The main circuit delivers the mixture for normal driving, and the accelerator pump injects a small burst of fuel when the throttle is suddenly opened to prevent a lean condition.

While effective, carburetors have limitations. They can be less precise in fuel delivery than fuel injection, leading to poorer fuel economy and higher emissions. They are also sensitive to altitude and temperature changes, often requiring manual adjustment. Modern vehicles predominantly use electronic fuel injection for its superior performance, efficiency, and emissions control.