karboksyylkloridin

Karboksyylkloridin, commonly known as acyl chloride in English, is an organic compound characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a chlorine atom. Its chemical formula is typically represented as R-COCl, where R indicates an organic substituent. Acyl chlorides are highly reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids, formed by replacing the hydroxyl group (-OH) with a chlorine atom.

These compounds are commonly used as intermediates in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of acids, esters, amides, and other derivatives. Their reactivity stems from the electrophilic nature of the carbonyl carbon, making them suitable for acylation reactions. In industrial applications, acyl chlorides are vital in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and plastics.

Karboksyylkloridin can be prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2), phosphorus halides, or oxalyl chloride. Handling acyl chlorides requires caution due to their corrosive nature and tendency to release hazardous fumes, such as hydrogen chloride gas upon contact with moisture.

The physical properties of acyl chlorides vary depending on the specific R group but generally include low boiling points and a pungent odor. They are typically stored in sealed containers under an inert atmosphere to prevent hydrolysis and decomposition.

Overall, karboksyylkloridin plays an essential role in chemical synthesis and manufacturing processes, facilitating the transformation of carboxylic acids into more reactive derivatives for diverse industrial applications.