kapselipäät

Kapselipäät (*Capsella bursa-pastoris*) are small, annual or biennial herbaceous plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family, commonly known as mustard or cabbage family. They are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa but have since spread globally as a widespread weed. The plant is easily recognizable by its distinctive, triangular seed pods, which resemble miniature purses or capsules, giving it the Finnish name "kapselipäät" (literally "capsule heads"). The scientific name *Capsella bursa-pastoris* translates similarly, with *bursa-pastoris* meaning "shepherd's purse" in Latin.

Kapselipäät typically grow to a height of 10–50 centimeters, with slender, hairy stems and alternate, toothed leaves. The flowers are small, white to pale pink, and arranged in loose clusters. After pollination, the seed pods develop their characteristic shape, splitting open to release numerous tiny seeds. The plant thrives in disturbed soils, roadsides, gardens, and agricultural fields, often appearing as a pioneer species in newly cultivated or disturbed areas.

While kapselipäät are considered invasive in many regions, they have been used historically in traditional medicine. In some cultures, the plant has been employed as an astringent, diuretic, and remedy for minor wounds or bleeding. However, its use should be approached with caution, as it may contain compounds that can be harmful in large doses. Modern applications are rare, and the plant is primarily regarded as a nuisance in agriculture and landscaping due to its rapid spread and ability to outcompete other vegetation.

Controlling kapselipäät often involves manual removal, mulching, or the use of herbicides. Preventative measures, such as maintaining healthy soil and minimizing soil disturbance, can help reduce its presence in gardens and fields. Despite its negative impact in cultivated areas, the plant plays a role in some ecosystems as a pioneer species, contributing to soil stabilization and early succession.