kaikkia

Kaikkia is the partitive plural form of the Finnish word kaikki, meaning "all" or "everyone." It is used when the object of a verb is indefinite or not fully specified, and when the speaker wants to indicate a non-definite or wide-ranging subset of things or people. In Finnish grammar, the partitive case expresses incomplete, ongoing, or non-total quantity, and kaikkia serves as the plural form for such contexts.

Grammatical notes about kaiken: Kaikkia appears with nouns in the partitive plural, typically after verbs or in phrases that express inclusiveness, range, or variety. It contrasts with kaikki, which is used for definite, fully specified sets or when the object is in the nominative/accusative case. With negation, or in expressions like "all possible means," kaikkia is common and natural.

Usage and nuance: kaikkia emphasizes that the set is not fixed or fully determined in the speaker’s reference frame. It often appears in idiomatic constructions such as "kaikkia keinoja" (all means/possible methods) or "kaikkia ihmisiä" (all people, in a non-definite sense). The form helps convey breadth or openness rather than a concrete tally.

Examples:

- Olen lukenut kaikkia kirjoja. (I have read all kinds of books.)

- Hän kerää kaikkia keinoja. (He uses all means [of doing something].)

- En nähnyt kaikkia. (I did not see everyone.)

- Kaikkia mahdollisia keinoja käytetään. (All possible means are used.)

See also: kaikki, Finnish grammar on partitive case, and Finnish pronouns.