kadenzieren

Kadenzieren is a term used in German music theory describing the act of ending a musical phrase, section, or entire piece with a cadence. The verb derives from Kadenz (cadence) and denotes the process of establishing a tonal close or pause through a characteristic harmonic progression.

In practice, kadenzieren involves selecting a cadence that appropriate to the musical moment and tonal goal. A cadence serves as punctuation in tonal music, signaling closure, a transition, or a moment of repose. Kadenzieren can occur at the ends of phrases, sections (such as a period or movement), or multiple times within a larger work to shape its overall architecture. The choice of cadence influences perceived finality, expectation, and the direction of subsequent material.

Common cadential types encountered when kadenzieren include: the authentic cadence (often V to I, sometimes with V or I in root position or with a deceptive element), the half cadence (ending on V, creating forward momentum), and the plagal cadence (IV to I, associated with a softer, more hymn-like close). A cadential six-four (I6/4 resolving to V) is a frequent device in classical practice, used to intensify the cadence before the ultimate resolution. In broader contexts, kadenzieren may also incorporate modal mixture, secondary dominants, or deceptive resolutions to tailor the conclusion to the musical narrative.

Historically, kadenzieren has been central from the Baroque through Romantic periods and remains a foundational concept in contemporary theory and analysis.